Final answer:
The social setting that affects a child's experiences indirectly, such as parents' work place and community organizations, is the Exosystem. The earliest agent of socialization is the Family, which corresponds to the microsystem in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, emphasizing direct interactions and learning of norms and values.
Step-by-step explanation:
The layer referred to in the question, which includes social settings that do not contain the child but that affect their experiences in immediate settings such as parents' work place and community organizations, is the Exosystem. This layer is part of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which outlines the various layers of environment that impact an individual's development. The Exosystem affects the child indirectly, as the changes or events that happen in this outer layer will eventually influence the child's direct environment.
In terms of socialization, the earliest agent is typically the Family. This represents the microsystem, the closest layer to the individual, where direct interactions with parents, siblings, and extended family occur, and the teaching and learning of social norms and values begins. Sociologists utilize both micro-level and macro-level analyses to understand the complexities of socialization, acknowledging that while the microsystem has a direct impact, the macrosystem and Chronosystem influence socialization over time through larger societal and historical changes.