Final answer:
Albert Bandura theorized that self-efficacy can be changed within an individual by providing positive feedback and reinforcement. He emphasized the importance of mastery experiences, observational learning, verbal persuasion, and physiological feedback in the development of self-efficacy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory suggests that self-efficacy, or the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations, is a vital aspect of an individual's psychological functioning. According to Bandura, self-efficacy can be changed through a variety of experiences, with the strongest influence typically coming from mastery experiences. However, if we look at the provided options, Bandura theorized that a way to change self-efficacy within an individual is b) By providing positive feedback and reinforcement. Other than personal mastery experiences, vicarious experiences through observational learning, verbal persuasion, and one's physiological states, such as stress levels and emotions, play significant roles in developing self-efficacy.