Final answer:
Low self-efficacy has a negative impact on performance because it leads individuals to avoid challenges and focus on potential failures, hindering their ability to achieve their full potential.
Step-by-step explanation:
Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their own capability to execute tasks and face challenges. According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy plays a critical role in how goals are approached and achieved. High self-efficacy can enhance motivation and is often associated with higher levels of achievement and performance. Conversely, low self-efficacy can undermine both motivation and performance because it leads individuals to doubt their abilities, which can then result in the avoidance of challenging tasks and a focus on potential failures, setting up a negative cycle of underachievement.
In answer to the student's question, low self-efficacy relates to performance in psychology in that it has a negative impact on performance (option b). Individuals with low self-efficacy tend to avoid challenges, which can lead to poor performance and a decreased likelihood of achieving their full potential.