Final answer:
The composer who taught at the conservatory in Moscow and trained many young composers was Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. (Option 4)
Step-by-step explanation:
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, one of the most celebrated composers in Russian music history, taught at the Moscow Conservatory and played a significant role in training many young composers. Tchaikovsky served as a professor at the Moscow Conservatory from 1866 until his death in 1893. During his tenure, he not only composed some of his most renowned works but also mentored and influenced numerous aspiring composers, including Sergei Taneyev, Sergei Arensky, and Alexander Scriabin, among others.
Tchaikovsky's teaching had a profound impact on Russian music, and he helped shape the careers of many talented musicians. His emphasis on combining Western classical techniques with Russian musical traditions left an indelible mark on the country's musical landscape. Tchaikovsky's role as an educator and composer continues to be celebrated for its influence on the development of Russian classical music.
Therefore, the correct option is: Option 4: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.