Final answer:
The improvement in patient satisfaction after the addition of a new staff is a Special Cause Variation.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an ambulatory care nurse observes an improvement in patient satisfaction from 78% to 92% after the addition of new staff, this change is probably identified as a Special Cause Variation. Special cause variation is a term used in process improvement and quality control that refers to a variation in a process that is due to a specific change and is not part of the inherent variability of the process (as opposed to common cause variation, which is the natural fluctuation in a system). In this case, the significant increase in patient satisfaction is likely attributable to the specific action of introducing new staff, suggesting that it is not a random event or statistical aberration.