Final answer:
Persistent Depressive Disorder is identified by chronic, low-grade depression. It is a long-term condition that differs from major depressive episodes due to its less severe but more persistent symptoms, and it requires treatment like anti-depressants and psychotherapy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Persistent Depressive Disorder, also known as dysthymic disorder, is characterized by chronic, low-grade depression. This condition is distinguished from major depressive episodes by its long-term persistence and less severe symptoms, although it can be just as disabling. Unlike bipolar disorder, which involves periods of depression and mania, Persistent Depressive Disorder lacks the high mood swings associated with bipolar. Similarly, it is not defined by brief episodes of intense depression or by social anxiety, which are distinct conditions.
Mood disorders are among the most common mental illnesses, with approximately 10 percent of U.S. adults affected yearly. While most individuals experience moments of sadness, clinical depression and dysthymic disorders are far more pervasive and can significantly impair an individual's daily functioning. Anti-depressants and psychotherapy are standard treatments for mood disorders, addressing symptoms such as prolonged sadness, sleep issues, feelings of hopelessness, and difficulties in concentration.