Final answer:
Heuristic and signature-based detection are methods utilized by antivirus software to identify and neutralize malware. Signature-based relies on a database of known threats, while heuristic-based looks at behaviors typically associated with malware.
Step-by-step explanation:
Heuristic and signature-based detection are two techniques used by antivirus software. These methods are essential in the identification and neutralization of malware. Signature-based detection works by comparing potential malware against a database of known threats, which requires regular updates to remain effective. On the other hand, heuristic-based detection analyzes the behavior of software to identify unknown or new malware by looking for traits or behaviors that are typically associated with malicious activity.