Final answer:
Calvinism, based on the teachings of John Calvin, emphasized predestination and established a strict moral code in communities such as Geneva, spreading to various regions and forming denominations like the Dutch Reformed and Presbyterian Churches.
Step-by-step explanation:
The body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin is Calvinism. John Calvin, a French lawyer, fled to Geneva, Switzerland, due to his Protestant beliefs and there developed his own theological approach. Calvinism particularly emphasized predestination, the idea that God has already determined who will receive salvation and who will not, with human actions having no influence on this divine decision. Calvinists were known for their strict moral code and establishment of communities that adhered closely to their interpretations of the Bible. Calvin's influence was significant, and his teachings spread to the Netherlands, Scotland, France, and England, contributing to the establishment of various Protestant denominations such as the Dutch Reformed Church and the Presbyterian Church in Scotland.