Final answer:
Option B, 'Code of Ethics,' defines the branch of moral science dealing with the standards of right and wrong for a profession. Ethics encompasses various branches including metaethics and normative ethics, where normative ethics focuses on establishing norms and standards for moral conduct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The branch of moral science, idealism, justness, and fairness that identifies standards of right and wrong for members of a profession or craft is best defined by option B, a Code of Ethics. Ethics is the discipline of philosophy concerned with morality, encompassing areas such as metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. These branches differ by their level of analysis, with metaethics focusing on foundational questions, normative ethics establishing norms and standards of conduct, and applied ethics dealing with the practical application of ethical principles in professional environments.Professional organizations across various industries adopt codes of ethics to ensure that their members adhere to recognized standards of conduct. For instance, the IEEE Computer Society has a Software Engineering Code of Ethics that defines the ethical obligations of software engineers. These codes tie back into larger ethical frameworks that take into account normative moral theories and the socio-political context within which professionals operate.A person's ethical standing is determined by their knowledge of and adherence to these principles. Normative ethics in particular deals with what we should do in terms of moral behavior, establishing criteria for correct action based on philosophical theories such as consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics.