Final answer:
D) The 'spaghetti data model' does not maintain logical relationships among features, allows for overlapping features, and treats each feature as a separate instance without connection information.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that is not true for a spaghetti data model is 'Preserves information on adjacency, connectivity, and direction'. The spaghetti data model is a simplistic form of a geographical information system (GIS) data model that does not efficiently manage spatial data. In this model, each feature is represented individually without the information on its connection or relation to other features. This leads to several limitations:
- It doesn't maintain any logical relationship among features, acting as a simple collection of lines or curves.
- Features may overlap one another, causing ambiguity and inaccuracy in spatial analysis.
- The model deals with each entry as a single instance, ignoring how each element could be interlinked.
Proper GIS models aim to preserve and articulate information such as adjacency, connectivity, and direction to accurately reflect the real world, but the spaghetti data model lacks this capacity.