Final answer:
Jews in Judea were exiled in 135 C.E. following a revolt against the Roman Empire, which was part of a larger historical pattern of conflict between the Jewish population and dominant empires of their time. The defeat in this revolt led to the significant expansion of the Jewish diaspora.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Jews were exiled from Judea in 135 C.E. due to a revolt against Roman rule. The tension between the Jews and Romans had been escalating due to heavy taxation, resentment, and especially over religious practices like refusal to worship the Roman emperors as deities. A significant uprising, now known as the Bar Kokhba Revolt, took place from 132 to 136 CE, which led to a catastrophic defeat for the Jewish population, resulting in their dispersion and exile.
This event marked a further expansion of the Jewish diaspora, which had already been growing since earlier conquests and captivities, such as the Babylonian Captivity in the 6th century BCE. Roman efforts to suppress Jewish practices and to consolidate their control over the territory culminated in the exile following the revolt. Tragically, this dispersed the Jews almost completely, with many either killed or sold into slavery, and others fleeing as refugees throughout the Roman Empire and beyond.
The loss of political independence and the destruction of religious symbols, such as the Second Temple, were significant factors for the Jewish people. However, despite adversities, Jewish cultural and religious identity remained resilient, with communities eventually thriving in various regions around the Mediterranean, laying the foundations for a rich and diverse global Jewish culture.