Final answer:
A hazardous materials placard identifies the hazard class of the cargo on the outside of a vehicle, as required by DOT and EPA regulations, informing about potential risks in emergencies.
Step-by-step explanation:
A hazardous materials placard is a type of signage that is affixed on the outside of a vehicle to identify the hazard class of the cargo it is carrying. These placards are mandated by regulations such as those from the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The placards serve to inform first responders, the public, and regulatory agencies about the potential hazards in case of an accident or emergency. An example of this is the Hazard Diamond or fire diamond, which is a chemical hazard symbol that summarizes the risks associated with a substance, including its flammability, reactivity, and impact on health.