Final answer:
The technique used to produce hand-woven European tapestries is called brocade, which creates intricate patterns and has been historically significant in textile art.
Step-by-step explanation:
The technique used to produce complex hand-woven European pictorial tapestries is known as brocade. This approach to textile production traditionally involves hand weaving using multiple warps and wefts, which is done on a loom, creating intricate patterns and designs. Initially, tapestries served a practical purpose in keeping drafts out of castle walls but also were works of art.
Creators of tapestries have included notable artists like Raphael and Goya. Despite technological advancements with digitally programmed looms, brocade remains relevant in contemporary textile art, synonymous with luxury and often recognized by its raised designs, giving the fabric depth and richness.