Final answer:
The term that describes a finely woven fabric with a watermark design achieved through calendering is moire. This effect is created during the calendering process and is often seen in luxury fabrics like silk.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes a finely woven fabric, often with a watermark design achieved through calendering is moire. Moire fabrics are produced using a finishing process that imparts a wavy or rippled pattern onto the surface of the textile, similar to watermarks on paper. This effect is often found in materials such as silks, often making them highly desirable for luxury garments and interiors.
During calendering, two layers of the fabric are pressed together by rollers, which creates the characteristic moire pattern. Tapestries and woven textiles have been important forms of artistic expression throughout history, with techniques ranging from warping, hand-dyeing, machine quilting, to the development of specific culturally significant patterns such as those found in Kente cloth.
Textile history is filled with examples of intricate craftsmanship, such as the classical Persian weaving that commemorates dynasties or the Kasuri fabrics of Japan that demonstrate the ikat dyeing technique. Fabrics like brocade also involve weaving patterns, but they are typically more ornate and made with colored threads interwoven to produce a raised pattern.