Final answer:
The line is an example of pathos, appealing to the reader's emotions by highlighting a tragic event, rather than posing a rhetorical question, foreshadowing, or sharing an anecdote.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the sentence "And that is why they killed 14 innocent medical students in the recent attack in Quetta," the line is an example of pathos. Pathos is an appeal to emotion, and in this instance, the line is designed to evoke a sense of sympathy and outrage from the reader towards the victims of this tragic event. This is not a rhetorical question, as it does not pose a question but rather states a fact for dramatic effect. It also isn't foreshadowing, which would imply a hint or warning of a future event, nor is it an anecdote, which would be a short, personal story used to illustrate a point. The line doesn't fit the definition of these other options but directly appeals to the reader's emotions, making pathos the correct answer.