Final answer:
The punishment for the chief of an invading army by a tribal chieftain could vary widely, including exile, physical punishment, enslavement, or servitude. Historical precedents show severe consequences such as cutting off a hand or enslavement, depending on the time and culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The punishment of the chief of an invading army by a tribal chieftain could vary significantly based upon the customs, laws, and societal norms of the time and culture. Considering historical approaches to punishment from various cultures, some potential punishments for the chief of an invading army might include exile, physical punishment such as cutting off a hand, enslavement, or various forms of forced labor or servitude. For example, during the times of the ancient Mesopotamian Code of Hammurabi, a severe physical punishment, such as cutting off a hand, could be a consequence for certain transgressions as indicated in law 195.
In some societies, losing a battle could also lead to enslavement, as captured leaders might become servants or even slaves, such as in the case of indigenous practices described where captured enemies were made slaves with varying degrees of leniency. Militarism in chiefdoms can also imply that the defeated leaders might face execution or severe punishment as a demonstration of the victor's power. However, without more specific context or reference to a particular culture or period, one cannot definitively choose from exile, physical mutilation, forbidding from war, or servitude as the punishment inflicted on a captured invading chief.