Final answer:
Individuals face role strain when overwhelmed by demands within a single role. Role conflict occurs when there are contradictory expectations from multiple roles. Chronic workplace stress can lead to job burnout, characterized by exhaustion, cynicism, and a sense of ineffectiveness. Option c.
Step-by-step explanation:
When individuals face too many expectations or demands in one role, they experience role strain. For a parent, this could include responsibilities like cooking, cleaning, and guiding children.
On the other hand, when different roles present contradictory demands, such as juggling a career and caring for a sick child, this is known as role conflict. This daily conflict can impact decisions and identity.
Chronic stress in the workplace can lead to job burnout, which includes emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and a feeling of reduced personal accomplishment. Factors such as work overload, inadequate feedback, and unsafe work conditions can contribute to job burnout, leading to negative outcomes like depression and decreased job satisfaction.
In the given scenario, where Mary faces simultaneous expectations from her job, family, and other responsibilities, she is most likely to experience role conflict as she struggles to manage conflicting demands on her time and resources.
So option c is correct.