Final answer:
The Hardy-Weinberg theorem is a mathematical model used in population genetics to study equilibrium populations. It states that allele and genotype frequencies remain constant over time if certain conditions are met.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Hardy-Weinberg theorem is a mathematical model used in population genetics. It states that if a population is in equilibrium, allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant over time. To be in equilibrium, the population must meet certain conditions: no mutation, no migration, a large population size, random mating, and no natural selection.
The equilibrium equation is p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1, where p and q represent the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles respectively.
To calculate the frequency of the AA genotype when p = 0.4, you can use the equation p^2. In this case, the frequency of AA would be 0.4^2 = 0.16.