Final answer:
The term that best describes turnover when employees leave for reasons beyond the company's control, leading to a dysfunctional situation, is involuntary turnover.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that best describes turnover when employees leave for reasons beyond the company's control, leading to a dysfunctional situation, is d) Involuntary turnover.
Involuntary turnover occurs when employees are forced to leave their jobs due to circumstances outside of their control, such as layoffs, downsizing, or business closures. These situations can result in a dysfunctional work environment as the company may struggle to operate effectively without key employees.
For example, if a company experiences a drop in demand for its products and has to lay off a significant number of employees, it can lead to decreased productivity, poor morale, and a decline in overall performance.