Final answer:
Medieval Literature often lacks explicit references to Byzantine and Islamic cultures due to a Western-centric narrative, something noted by art historian Robert Nelson. Gender and sexuality theorists additionally recognize the absence of narratives about women and non-heteronormative identities. Despite these exclusions, the period is known for its rich artistic and literary achievements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Medieval Literature is noted for what it explicitly does not include, rather than for its content alone. Influential art historian Robert Nelson has pointed out how historiography during this time creates a conceptual break between Byzantium/Islam and Western Europe, leading to the exclusion of certain cultures from the mainstream narrative of the Middle Ages. This absence in literature and historical records is underscored by the fact that the literature and art of the Byzantine Empire and Islamic cultures are not as prominent in the narrative of medieval European history. The literature of this period often lacks explicit references to these cultures, reflecting a Western-centered narrative.
Gender and sexuality theorists have further highlighted how Medieval Literature's mention of subjects is selective, often leaving out narratives or references to women or non-heteronormative identities. This tendency reflects the social and cultural norms of the period, where the experiences and stories of marginalized groups were often omitted. However, the achievements of the period, such as the works of Thomas Aquinas, the paintings of Giotto, the poetry of Dante and Chaucer, and distinctive architectural feats like Gothic cathedrals, demonstrate the complexity and richness of Medieval Literature and art, despite these absences.
Even within the historical periodization, the term 'medieval' itself was coined by later Renaissance thinkers, distinguishing this era from the glorified Classical tradition. There is a clear division in how the historical narrative is constructed to create a continuum that primarily focuses on Western Europe, marginalizing other cultures and their contributions.