Final answer:
NAT (Network Address Translation) is the technology that hides internal IP addresses, providing a type of firewall protection by modifying the IP header of packets to re-map IP address space.
Step-by-step explanation:
The technology that provides a type of firewall protection by hiding internal IP addresses is called NAT (Network Address Translation). NAT helps improve security by re-mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. This process effectively hides individual IP addresses of devices within a local network, making it more difficult for attackers to directly target those internal devices from external networks.