Final answer:
Amitai Etzioni's three types of formal organizations are coercive, utilitarian, and normative, each with distinct characteristics and reasons for individuals to join.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sociologist Amitai Etzioni identified three types of formal organizations: coercive, utilitarian, and normative. Coercive organizations are those that individuals are forced to join, such as prisons or rehabilitation centers, where a form of resocialization takes place. Utilitarian organizations are joined for material rewards; examples include workplaces and schools, where people join to earn money or obtain a diploma, respectively. Lastly, normative or voluntary organizations are based on shared affinity or interests, and people join them for intangible benefits, like being part of the Audubon Society or a ski club.