Final answer:
The River Thames has significantly influenced the development and history of London, from its rise in urban population to the challenges of pollution and public health. The construction of an extensive sewer system led by Joseph Bazalgette to combat pollution is a testament to its environmental and cultural impact, showcased in artwork like Whistler's 'The Thames in Ice'.
Step-by-step explanation:
Facts about the River Thames
The River Thames is not only a major river flowing through London, but it also holds historical significance to the development of the city. In the 13th century, London had a relatively small population of 40,000, which relied on the Thames along with springs and wells for their water supply. As the city expanded to over half a million residents by the 17th century, the demand for water resources soared and these sources quickly became polluted. London's history with the Thames has been challenging, marked by periods of severe pollution, including the notorious 'Great Stink' of 1858 that almost halted government operations due to the overpowering odor from sewage dumping into the river.
In an effort to tackle the pollution and public health issues, the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers, and subsequently the Metropolitan Board of Works, took action by centralizing the sewer system with guidance from Joseph Bazalgette, a feat of civil engineering that left a lasting legacy and is still partially in use today. The continual movement and life that the Thames supports is an integral part of what defines London, with references to its impact being found in art, such as the series of paintings by Whistler including 'The Thames in Ice'. Understanding the importance of rivers such as the Thames brings to light their role in civilization, environment, and culture.