Final answer:
The missing term in the question is the Black Death, a devastating pandemic that affected Europe from 1346 to 1353, killing around 25 million people.
Step-by-step explanation:
The answer to the missing term in the question is a. Black Death.
The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, was a devastating pandemic that spread across Europe from 1346 to 1353. It resulted in the deaths of approximately 25 million people, which was around 33% of the population at that time.
The Black Death had a significant impact on European society. It caused a labor shortage, resulting in higher wages for workers and a rise in wealth for the surviving population. This led to increased demand for luxury goods, contributing to the economic growth and cultural changes that laid the foundation for the Renaissance.