Final answer:
Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) are associated with chronic infection and a chronic carrier state.
Hepatitis D (HDV) can only infect those already infected with HBV and can result in chronic disease in coinfected individuals. Vaccinations are available for HBV and HAV, and treatments exist for HCV.
The Correct option is; (C) Hepatitis C,
Step-by-step explanation:
The hepatitis virus associated with chronic infection and a chronic carrier state is Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV). Hepatitis B is a double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the hepadnavirus family, while Hepatitis C is a single-stranded RNA virus from the flavivirus family.
Both viruses are transmitted through parenteral contact, which includes exposure to infected blood or body fluids and can result in chronic liver disease or even lead to liver cancer.
Hepatitis D (HDV), on the other hand, can only infect individuals who are already infected with Hepatitis B. It is not a standalone virus and requires HBV for its propagation. However, like HBV and HCV, it can also lead to chronic infection in coinfected individuals.
Hepatitis A (HAV) typically does not result in chronic infection; it is usually acute and self-limiting. It's important to note that vaccinations are available for Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B to help prevent these infections.
Although there is currently no vaccine for Hepatitis C, treatments are available to manage chronic infections, including the use of antivirals and interferon, with newer treatments being developed that can cure the infection.