Final answer:
The movement in question is the Counter-Reformation, which sought to address the challenges of the Protestant Reformation by reforming the Catholic Church from within and reaffirming Catholic doctrine at the Council of Trent.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Counter-Reformation:
The movement that combined classical learning and individualism with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church is known as the Counter-Reformation. This period, also referred to as the Catholic Reformation or Catholic Revival, aimed to reform the Church from within and counter the ideas of the Protestant Reformation.
Key elements of the Counter-Reformation included the foundation of seminaries for proper priestly training, a return to the spiritual foundations for religious orders, and the establishment of new spiritual movements emphasizing personal relationships with Christ. The political aspect involved the Roman Inquisition, and efforts were made to reconvert regions back to Catholicism from Protestantism.