Final answer:
The correct answer is Option 1: Galliard, a lively Renaissance court dance known for its athletic movements. Unlike the slower Minuet or Pavane or the simpler Branle, the Galliard embodies an energetic and athletic dance style.
Step-by-step explanation:
The faster, more athletic renaissance dance you are referring to is the Galliard. This dance was a lively court dance employed during the Renaissance period, characterized by leaps, hops, and other energetic movements. Quite different from the galliard is the Minuet, which is a slower, stately dance that became popular in the Baroque period, while the Pavane is a processional dance with a slower tempo, often paired with the galliard.
Historical paintings, such as those by Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Edgar Degas, pay homage to the art of dance. Renoir's Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette captures the lively movement and social atmosphere of 19th century Parisian dance scenes. Degas' The Dance Class provides a glimpse into the more structured and disciplined ballet practice.