Final answer:
The Janissary Corps was disbanded by Sultan Mahmud II after they mutinied against his efforts to modernize the military; the mutiny was crushed by modern artillery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Janissary Corps was officially disbanded by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826 following a revolt by the Janissaries against his modernization efforts. As the empire attempted transition towards a modern military force, Sultan Mahmud II recognized the Janissaries as an impediment to progress and a threat to his power. Their rebellion provided a pretext for him to destroy the corps with the use of modern artillery, marking the end of a once-powerful and loyal fighting force that served the Ottoman empire for centuries.