Final answer:
Yes, optimism is a personality characteristic linked to well-being in later adulthood, as supported by several research studies, including those by Rasmussen et al. This link encompasses both physical and mental health benefits attributed to a positive outlook on life.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that optimism is a personality characteristic linked to well-being in later adulthood is true. A range of research, including meta-analyses by scholars such as Rasmussen, Scheier, and Greenhouse (2009), have indicated that optimism correlates with physical health benefits. Individuals who maintain an optimistic outlook are often found to have better health outcomes and a higher sense of well-being as they age. This is likely due to the impact of a positive outlook on stress management and the adoption of healthier lifestyles, which has been shown to contribute to longevity and reduced risk of illness.
Furthermore, studies by Rasmussen & Wallio (2008) extend these findings by explaining how optimism plays a crucial role in mental and physical health by potentially influencing coping strategies, social support, and the ability to deal with adversity. The work by Peterson & Steen (2002) on optimistic explanatory style also suggests that the way we interpret life's events significantly affects our psychological well-being.
It's important to note that optimism does not act in isolation but is intersected by numerous factors such as emotional regulation, networking, and social support, all of which collectively influence an individual's health trajectory. Contrasting personality characteristics, such as neuroticism or pessimism as discussed by Ploubidis & Grundy (2009) and in the context of the chapter on Stress, Health, and Lifestyle, often correlate with adverse health outcomes.