Final answer:
The statement that is correct is the fourth one, stating that all of the listed physiological processes are accurate: liver increases glycogen stores and glycogenesis while decreasing glycogenolysis, skeletal muscle increases glycogen stores, protein synthesis, and the uptake of K+ into cells, while adipocytes increase triglyceride storage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Liver and Muscle Glycogen
The correct options among the provided statements are: 1) Liver: increase hepatic glycogen stores, increase glycogenesis and decrease glycogenolysis 2) Skeletal Muscle: increase glycogen stores, increase protein synthesis, increase K+ into cells (decreases serum K+) 3) Adipocytes: increase TG storage 4) All of these.
The liver plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by performing glycogenolysis to break down glycogen back into glucose and providing glucose to other cells. During periods where there is adequate ATP and glucose is plentiful, glycogenesis occurs, which increases hepatic glycogen stores. Conversely, when glucose levels are low, liver glycogen can be broken down via glycogenolysis. Insulin stimulates the liver to take up amino acids from the blood and convert them into glucose (gluconeogenesis) and promotes storage of glucose as glycogen.
In skeletal muscle, glycogen serves as an energy source during vigorous exercise, allowing ATP production to continue for a longer time. Insulin also enhances the uptake of amino acids by muscles, leading to an increase in protein synthesis. Additionally, insulin helps shift potassium into cells, thus lowering serum potassium levels.
Adipocytes are involved in lipogenesis, storing excess energy in the form of triglycerides (TG). During times of energy surplus, glucose not needed for immediate metabolic needs can be converted into triglycerides for storage in adipose tissue.