Final answer:
A Manor is a geographic entity that typically includes a village and its surrounding area, characterized by an economic and social structure known as manorialism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of geographic entity that usually encompasses both a village and its surrounding area is a Manor. During the medieval period in Europe, a manor was a unit of territorial organization, which was the essential foundation of the feudal system. A manor generally consisted of a lord's home (often a fortified manor house), outbuildings, village, and surrounding farmland and wilderness.
Manorialism was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated from the Roman villa system of the Late Roman Empir, and was widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe. By this system, the noble lord owned a manor and the peasants living in the area were subject to him and owed certain rents and labor services. This system provided both administrative and judicial authority over the peasants as well as rights to extract certain fees and reeve products.