Final answer:
The Columbia County School Board operates under reserved powers, which are granted to the states by the Tenth Amendment to dictate education policy within their jurisdictions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Columbia County School Board is able to decide what's taught in the school district because of reserved powers. These are powers exclusive to state governments, as established by the Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. These powers are not specifically listed as being within the jurisdiction of the federal government and are therefore reserved for the states and their subdivisions, such as school boards. In contrast, enumerated powers are those expressly written in the Constitution for the federal government, and implied powers are those not explicitly stated but derived from the 'necessary and proper clause' to carry out enumerated powers.