Final Answer:
The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) encompasses the relationship between population growth and development, illustrating stages from high birth and death rates to low rates. In the case of Pakistan, currently transitioning from Stage 3 to Stage 4, decreasing birth rates, improving healthcare, and associated economic and social impacts align with the model.Thus,the correct option is d.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is a framework that illustrates the relationship between population growth and development through four main stages: high birth and death rates in Stage 1, decreasing death rates and high birth rates in Stage 2, declining birth rates and low death rates in Stage 3, and low birth and death rates in Stage 4. In the context of Pakistan, which is currently in the transition from Stage 3 to Stage 4, birth rates have been decreasing while death rates have stabilized, indicating a shift toward lower population growth.
The correlation between birth rates and death rates is a key aspect of the DTM. In Stage 2, both rates are high, resulting in rapid population growth. As a society progresses to Stage 3, death rates decline due to improved healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition, while birth rates remain relatively high. In Stage 4, both rates are low, leading to population stabilization. In Pakistan, efforts to improve healthcare and education have contributed to the decline in death rates, and family planning initiatives have influenced the reduction in birth rates.
Population growth in Pakistan has significant implications for social and economic factors. While a declining birth rate can lead to a demographic dividend, easing pressure on resources, it also poses challenges in terms of an aging population and potential labor shortages. Addressing these issues requires strategic planning in areas such as healthcare, education, and employment opportunities to ensure sustainable development and improved quality of life for the population.
In summary, choosing "d) All of the above" acknowledges the comprehensive nature of the Demographic Transition Model, encompassing the dynamics between birth and death rates and the broader impacts on social and economic factors in the context of Pakistan's demographic transition.
Thus,the correct option is d.