Final answer:
To go beyond the surface story in fiction, conduct a close reading of the text, which involves multiple readings for understanding, noting literary elements, and forming interpretations supported by the text.
Step-by-step explanation:
When reading fiction for a literature class and aiming to understand the layers of meaning beyond the surface story, the best approach is to conduct a close reading of the fictional text. This involves reading the text multiple times: first, to understand the basic plot; second, for a deeper comprehension; and third, for analytical insights. During these readings, engage actively with the text by highlighting, annotating, and taking notes. Identify patterns, symbols, and question the use of literary elements such as character development, settings, and figurative language to understand the author's intent and the text's deeper meanings. The process of close reading allows you to form interpretations supported by the text, which can then be harnessed to craft a thorough literary analysis essay.