Final answer:
The false statement about the U.S. Constitution is that the federal government can name a national religion; the First Amendment prohibits this, ensuring separation of Church and State.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement about the provisions of the United States Constitution that is false is: d) The federal government can name a national religion. According to the First Amendment, the Constitution prohibits the federal government from establishing a national religion, thus ensuring the separation of Church and State. The other statements are correct: a) the federal government is indeed divided into three separate branches - legislative, executive, and judicial; b) there are systems of checks and balances in place to limit the powers of each branch; and c) the Constitution can be amended, as evidenced by the existence of 27 amendments to date. These provisions are crucial in maintaining a balance of power within the federal government and protecting individual liberties.