Final answer:
The degrees measured north and south of the Equator are known as latitude and longitude, with latitude ranging from 0° to 90° N & S and the equator being at 0°. The answer is a) Latitude; Longitude.
Step-by-step explanation:
Measured in degrees north or south of the Equator, the coordinates are known as latitude and longitude. Latitude is the number of degrees north or south of the equator and ranges from 0° to 90° North (N) and South (S), with the latitude of the equator being 0°. Longitude, on the other hand, is the number of degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian, which runs through Greenwich, England.
The correct answer to the question is: a) Latitude; Longitude. Latitude lines run parallel to the equator, whereas longitude lines run from pole to pole. These geographical coordinates are essential for navigation and for locating any point on Earth's surface.