Final answer:
Chemical bonds formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms are called ionic bonds. These bonds arise from electrostatic interactions between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chemical bonds created when electrons are transferred between atoms are known as ionic bonds. These bonds are formed through electrostatic interactions between ions, which are atoms that have gained or lost electrons and thus carry a charge. An atom becomes a cation when it donates an electron and an anion when it accepts an electron. The attraction between these oppositely charged ions constitutes an ionic bond. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons and can be nonpolar, where electrons are shared equally, or polar, where the sharing is unequal. Hydrogen bonds are a special type of dipole-dipole attraction, which occurs in molecules where hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom.