Final answer:
Under Magadha rulers, the socio-economic status of people was rather complex, but a significant number of individuals were generally prosperous due to a strong economy based on trade, craft specialization, and agriculture, despite some portions of the population struggling with poverty.
Step-by-step explanation:
The socio-economic status of the people under Magadha rulers can be characterized as prosperous and affluent in some areas, while in others, the status varied. This prosperity was due in part to a redistributive economic system that benefitted urban artisans, merchants, and officials. The Magadha Empire was also marked by its military forces and diplomatic practices. Trade interactions brought in gold and silver in exchange for textiles and other goods, signalling a vibrant economy. Despite heavy taxation on the peasants, concessions were often made during natural disasters.
A middle class emerged, enabling some to enjoy greater consumption. However, there were still many who struggled with poverty, unable to fulfill basic needs or to sustain themselves on land ownership.
Agricultural systems and specialized craft production contributed to commercial and agricultural productivity. Specialized craftsmen created high-quality goods that were sold across the empire. While the wealthier sectors of society tended to become richer, a substantial middle class maintained a relatively comfortable standard of living.