Final answer:
Saline solution (NaCl) is the liquid most like water and best supports human life due to its similarity to the salt concentration found in human bodily fluids, enabling it to maintain homeostasis without disrupting cellular functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Saline solution (NaCl) is most like water (H2O) and would best support human life compared to the other given liquids. Saline solution is a water-based solution that closely mimics the salt concentration found within human cells and blood. It is often used medically for hydration and wound cleaning because it is isotonic with bodily fluids, meaning it has a similar salt concentration as the fluids found within our bodies. This prevents cellular disruption that can be caused by imbalances in osmotic pressure, making it safe for human tissues.
Water's role as a "universal solvent" emphasizes its ability to dissolve a variety of substances, which is crucial for biological processes and maintaining homeostasis. Water's cohesive and adhesive properties ensure it can move through cell membranes and vessels, supporting essential functions such as nutrient transport and waste removal. Saline solution maintains these properties while providing an appropriate balance of salts necessary for cellular operations.
On the contrary, hydrochloric acid (HCl) is highly acidic and could damage tissue, ammonia solution (NH₃) is toxic to humans, and ethanol (C₂H₅OH) is a solvent that can dehydrate cells and interfere with normal cellular functions.