Final answer:
Social inequality in early civilizations manifested through economic disparities, caste systems, and gender roles, which created stratified societies with limited social mobility and systemic disadvantages for certain groups.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the early civilizations, social inequality was expressed in a variety of ways. Economic disparities became evident as some individuals accumulated more goods and wealth, leading to differences in political and religious power. Families and individuals varied greatly in their wealth and status, resulting in a stratified society.
The establishment of caste systems, particularly notable in places like India, further entrenched social inequality. Individuals born into a particular caste were restricted by the circumstances of their birth, limiting social mobility and perpetuating a rigid social hierarchy over generations. While caste discrimination is no longer legal in some places, the legacy of such systems persists.
Gender roles also played a significant part in social inequality. These roles often limited the rights and opportunities available to individuals based on their gender, leading to systemic disadvantages in various aspects of life, including political participation, economic freedom, and social status.