Final answer:
The question of universality vs. cultural specificity in human behavior is deeply influenced by religious beliefs, with a historical context of varied religious teachings shaping many aspects of human culture and norms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fundamental question about human behavior that was heavily influenced by religious beliefs is universality vs. cultural specificity. This question pertains to whether certain behaviors and beliefs are universal to all humans irrespective of culture, or if they are specific and variable across different cultural contexts. In history, many aspects of human behavior, including moral values, social norms, and individual roles, have been deeply rooted in religious teachings, which vary broadly across cultures, leading to diverse interpretations of what is considered 'universal' versus 'culturally specific.'