Final answer:
An objective claim is one that is based in reality because it can be verified or falsified using empirical evidence and observation. It contrasts with subjective claims, which are based on personal opinions and cannot be universally tested.
Step-by-step explanation:
An objective claim is one that is based in reality and can be proven true or false using evidence or facts. When considering the options provided, the correct answer is that an objective claim a. is based in reality. This is because objective claims are assertions about the world that can be verified or falsified through objective means such as observation, measurement, and other forms of empirical evidence. They stand in contrast to subjective claims, which are influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions, and may not be subject to verification in the same way.
For instance, in scientific research, an empirical claim is supported by a process of verification that helps to establish its correspondence to fact and consistency with other established truths, which is indicative of an objective claim. On the other hand, subjective claims involve personal interpretation and cannot be universally tested using the scientific method. Concepts like logical empiricism suggest that the truth of a proposition rests on verification, again underscoring the significance of objectivity in determining the validity of a claim.