Final answer:
The Constitution fixed the issues of the Articles of Confederation by creating a stronger federal government with an independent executive branch, a centralized national judiciary, and the power to enforce laws, regulate trade, and tax. These changes improved on the weaknesses of the Articles such as the inability to enforce laws, regulate trade, and easily amend the national framework.
Step-by-step explanation:
How the Constitution Fixed the Issues of the Articles of Confederation
Under the Articles of Confederation, the federal government was notably weak compared to the states, creating problems such as the lack of a centralized national judiciary and an inability to enforce laws or regulate trade. The Constitution addressed these deficiencies by establishing a stronger federal government. A new national judiciary was created to resolve disputes between states and enforce laws. The flexibility of the Constitution was also improved by providing a more feasible approach to amending it, requiring only a two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress and ratification by three-quarters of the state legislatures.
An important change was the creation of a separate executive branch, the office of the President, which offered leadership and direction for the federal government's executive functions. Congress also gained the authority to regulate trade, tax, and coin money, which were significant powers absent under the Articles. Furthermore, the power to establish lower federal courts and determine the size of the Supreme Court helped to standardize and enforce federal laws across all states, strengthening the rule of law on a national level.
The Constitutional Convention recognized the need to remedy the economic and security issues that arose under the Articles, such as Shays' Rebellion and the inability to effectively manage the national debt. This new strong federal structure provided the necessary framework for a functional and cohesive nation, surpassing the limitations of the Confederation.