Final answer:
The tone in article sub-headlines indicates the author's attitude, which can vary from positive to negative, influencing the reader's perception of the subject. For instance, words suggesting celebration in a sub-headline reflect a positive view of the topic. Without specific sub-headlines, however, it is not possible to select a definitive answer based on somber, celebratory, optimistic, pessimistic, indifferent, or empathetic tones.
Step-by-step explanation:
The effect of the reporters’ tones, as highlighted in the sub-headlines, typically sets the report's atmosphere and provides an implicit insight into the authors' positions on a subject. The use of words like 'celebrating' and 'win-win' in a sub-headline suggests a positive and affirmative tone, indicating that the author views the subject, in this case, the Pollution Prevention Act, favorably. This choice of diction reflects an attitude that resonates throughout the article, influencing the readers' perceptions and expectations before they delve into the main content.
Considering the hypothetical sub-headlines given for analysis in the question, option (a) and (b) would both suggest a clear position from the authors. If both articles used a somber tone, it would highlight the gravity and negative impact of an earthquake. If celebratory, it would emphasize the resilience and positive aspects of the community's reaction to such an event. However, without the specific text of the sub-headlines, it is not possible to determine the appropriate answer among (a), (b), (c), or (d). Instead, what can be said is that an author's tone may vary greatly, from formal to informal, sarcastic to playful, depending on their intention, the subject, and the audience they are addressing. Tone is a crucial aspect of writing, as it helps to convey the author's stance and can color the narrative in subtle but impactful ways.