Final answer:
Robots are a subset of automation, focusing on programmable machines that can execute tasks autonomously. Automation is a broader term that incorporates technology-based processes to perform tasks without human intervention.
Step-by-step explanation:
When comparing robots to automation, it is essential to recognize that robots are a subset of automation. Robots are programmable machines that may have, but are not limited to, physical form and can perform a series of tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously. Automation, on the other hand, refers to the broader concept of using technology to perform tasks without human intervention, which includes but is not limited to robots. Various systems and processes, such as software algorithms or even simple mechanical devices, could be examples of automation.
While both robots and automation aim to increase efficiency and reduce the need for human labor, they do so in different ways and scopes. Robots, as mentioned, come in many shapes and sizes, such as humanoid forms, dogbots, or even small cubes that can self-assemble (See Figure 19.18). These robots can perform physical tasks, interact with their environment, and are often reprogrammable to suit different functions. In contrast, automation can include non-physical solutions like software programs that automate data entry or analysis tasks.