Final answer:
RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the nucleolus and ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis in the cell. Mitochondria produce the cell's energy and lysosomes and peroxisomes are different types of organelles with functions like digestion and detoxification. The endosymbiotic theory explains the origin of mitochondria, supported by the presence of their own DNA and ribosomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the nucleolus, which is located within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes are crucial for protein synthesis, and this process involves several other cellular organelles working in collaboration. The ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins that are then sent to the Golgi apparatus for modification and packaging. Vesicles are involved in this process by transporting these proteins to different parts of the cell or outside of it. The mitochondria are often referred to as the power plants of the cell because they generate ATP, the cell's main energy currency, through aerobic respiration.
Lysosomes and peroxisomes are examples of organelles that play specialized roles in the cell. Lysosomes contain enzymes for digesting cellular waste, whereas peroxisomes detoxify various substances. Ribosomes, found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, are essential because they synthesize proteins necessary for cell function. The endosymbiotic theory suggests that mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotes that entered into a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic cells, which is supported by evidence like their own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes similar to those found in prokaryotes.