Final answer:
The colors of flames are indicative of different flame temperatures, with blue flames being hotter than yellow or red flames. Flame color differences are due to variations in temperature affecting the light emissions, and distinct atomic emission spectra can also produce unique flame colors for different substances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The colors of flames, such as the yellowish color of a peach-scented candle and the bluish color of a Bunsen burner's flame, are indicative of different flame temperatures. According to the question about which flame has a higher temperature, the bluish flame of the Bunsen burner is hotter. The color of a flame is affected by the temperature, which in turn affects how the gas molecules within the flame emit light. Higher temperatures generally result in flames that are blue or blue-white, as seen in a Bunsen burner, because they are hot enough to excite the electrons in the molecules to emit light at shorter, bluer wavelengths. On the other hand, cooler flames, like those of a candle, tend to be yellow or red because the lower temperature only excites electrons to emit light at longer, redder wavelengths.
Different substances can also emit different colored light based on their atomic emission spectra. When elements are heated, their electrons can become excited to higher energy levels, and as they return to their ground states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic to each element. During a flame test, this principle helps identify elements by their distinct flame colors.
In conclusion, when comparing a red flame and a blue flame, as in the example of the two flames observed on a stove, the blue flame is hotter. Option 'c' is correct in the multiple-choice question, as the color blue has a shorter wavelength than red, correlating to a higher frequency and energy indicative of a hotter flame.