Final answer:
In the context of how a student's school performance is affected by their study time, performance is the dependent variable because it changes in response to study time, which is the independent variable. The correct option is b) Dependent: Performance, Independent: Study time.
Step-by-step explanation:
In an experimental study, we define one variable that is manipulated or changed as the independent variable, and the variable that is measured or that we expect to change in response as the dependent variable.
In the context of the question on how a student's performance in school is affected by their study time, study time is the independent variable because it is what we can manipulate or change. Meanwhile, performance in school is the dependent variable since it is expected to change as a result of variations in study time.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is:
- Dependent: Performance
- Independent: Study time
As you study more or less, we would anticipate seeing a corresponding change in the academic performance, revealing the relationship between these variables.