Final answer:
Seventeenth-century absolutism in France was most closely a response to religious conflicts, which necessitated a centralized monarchical authority. The cause of the French Revolution was sparked by an economic crisis within the country.
Step-by-step explanation:
Seventeenth-century absolutism was a political response to a number of developments in France; however, in the context of the given options, it can be most closely related to C. Religious conflicts. The era of absolutism was characterized by the consolidation of monarchical power, which was partly justified by the notion of divine right. This reflected a response to the challenges presented by religious upheavals, such as those associated with the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. These religious conflicts necessitated a strong centralized authority to maintain order and affirm the monarch's control over religious as well as secular affairs.
Regarding the cause of the French Revolution, it was provoked by a variety of factors, including an a. economic crisis. This crisis was characterized by mounting state debt, a regressive tax system that burdened the commoners, and a failure of the traditional political system to address these issues effectively, which ultimately led to widespread unrest and the call for change.