Final answer:
A 16-carbon fatty acid chain with no double carbon bonds is called a saturated fatty acid, characterized by its straight chain allowing for tight packing and solid or semi-solid state at room temperature.
Step-by-step explanation:
A fatty acid made up of a 16-carbon chain with no double carbon bonds is called a saturated fatty acid. Saturated fatty acids have hydrocarbon chains with only single bonds between the carbon atoms, which means they are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms. Such fatty acids are solid or semi-solid at room temperature due to the straight and rigid nature of their chains, allowing them to pack tightly together. Palmitic acid is an example of a saturated fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain.